![]() A backdoor virus or remote access Trojan ( RAT) secretly creates a backdoor into an infected computer system that enables threat actors to remotely access it without alerting the user or the system's security programs.Once installed, the program gives threat actors root or privileged access to the system. A rootkit obtains administrator-level access to the victim's system. ![]() Cybercriminals then demand a ransom payment from the victim in exchange for decrypting the system's data. Ransomware infects a user's system and encrypts its data.Spyware collects information and data on the device and user, as well as observes the user's activity without their knowledge.Once activated following installation, Trojans can execute their malicious functions. A Trojan horse is designed to appear as a legitimate software program to gain access to a system.A worm can self-replicate without a host program and typically spreads without any interaction from the malware authors.A virus is the most common type of malware that can execute itself and spread by infecting other programs or files. ![]() A diagram of the various types of malware.ĭifferent types of malware have unique traits and characteristics. More sophisticated threats include polymorphic malware that can repeatedly change its underlying code to avoid detection from signature-based detection tools anti- sandbox techniques that enable malware to detect when it is being analyzed and to delay execution until after it leaves the sandbox and fileless malware that resides only in the system's RAM to avoid being discovered. Some of these evasion techniques rely on simple tactics, such as using web proxies to hide malicious traffic or source IP addresses. Sophisticated malware attacks often feature the use of a command-and-control server that enables threat actors to communicate with the infected systems, exfiltrate sensitive data and even remotely control the compromised device or server.Įmerging strains of malware include new evasion and obfuscation techniques designed to not only fool users, but also security administrators and antimalware products. Phishing attacks are another common type of malware delivery where emails disguised as legitimate messages contain malicious links or attachments that deliver the malware executable file to unsuspecting users. For example, malicious programs can be delivered to a system with a USB drive, through popular collaboration tools and by drive-by downloads, which automatically download malicious programs to systems without the user's approval or knowledge. Malware authors use a variety of physical and virtual means to spread malware that infects devices and networks.
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McAulliffe was selected out of an initial pool of 110,000 applicants. The idea was that sending a teacher into space would increase public interest in the Space Shuttle program, and also demonstrate the reliability of spaceflight at a time when the agency was under continuous pressure to find financial support. NASA wanted to find an “ordinary person,” a gifted teacher who could communicate with students while in orbit. ![]() The First Civil AstronautĪmong the crew there was Christa McAuliffe, the first civilian astronaut. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan and announced the “Teacher in Space Project,” an initiative was intended to inspire students and to sustain public interest in the over-budgeted shuttle program.Ĭhrista McAulliffe, pictured here while training on the “Vomit Comet.” Her death following the Challenger disaster shocked the American public, who had fallen in love with her manners and composure. Pieces of Challenger rained to the ground as others parachuted to the sea. ![]() Smith uttered the words “uh oh,” and fire and smoke engulfed the supersonic shuttle. The shuttle’s launch seemed to foreshadow another victory for NASA, demonstrate the technical prowess of mankind, and inspire another round of future space engineers sleeping in rocket-shaped beds.īut in the midst of the celebrations and meditations, 73 seconds into the launch, pilot Mike J. The shuttle’s engineers watched the live television broadcast with anticipation, knowing the smallest of miscalculations or malfunctions could shred both machine and man. NASA mission control studied their data screens as the shuttle raced upwards at a speed of Mach 1.92. Liftoff marked the beginning of NASA’s 25 th mission-a six-day stint dedicated to research and education-and Challenger’s 10th flight. Smith, Ellison Onizuka, and special guest Sharon Christa McAuliffe-a high school teacher. Spectators shielded their mouths with scarves as Challenger rose from Kennedy Space Center’s launching pad 39-B, carrying Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnik, Dick Scobee, Ronald McNair, Mike J. After a final two-hour delay due to the ice and a failed fire-protection device, NASA cleared the liftoff for 11:38 a.m. Administrative delays and poor weather conditions pushed that date back to January 23, then 24, then 25, then 27, and finally, the 28. According to the original timeline, the reusable shuttle should have launched six days earlier, on January 22. The crowd, composed of friends, family, and supporters of the seven-person crew aboard Challenger, restlessly awaited takeoff. It was a frigid morning-so cold that ice pooled in sections on the launch pad and icicles hung from the launch tower. Throngs of people stood on Florida’s Cape Canaveral, shouldering the balmy air on the day of one of the greatest losses of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program: January 28, 1986. In the front row from left to right: Michael J. Onizuka, Sharon Christa McAuliffe, Greg Jarvis, and Judy Resnik. In the back row from left to right: Ellison S. The crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-51-L. ![]() ![]() This section of Space Safety Magazine is dedicated to the Challenger Disaster, its causes, and its consequences. A vehicle that was celebrated for its technical prowess broke up 73 seconds into the flight, burning nearly 2 million liters of fuel in just a few seconds, creating a sinister cloud of gas that still plagues the memory of anyone who saw it. Over time, NASA management had grown increasingly impatient with the technical delays that operating such a complex machine required.Īll that ended on the bitter cold morning of January 28 th 1986, when seven astronauts lost their lives in front of family, friends, and millions of TV viewers. NASA had committed the Shuttle to an impossible schedule even before it entered in service in order to ensure funding. Blinded by the success of the early Shuttle flights, the Agency’s management had developed a careless attitude towards warnings coming from the engineering community. The death of a crew of seven, which for the first time included civilian astronaut Christa McAuliffe, in a fiery explosion broadcasted in national television for days after the accident left a mark in the public imagination.Įven deeper was the impact on the NASA. The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster is probably the most significant event in the history of spaceflight in terms of its impact on the general public and on the US space program. The STP can also be stored/packed in your underwear to provide a realistic bulge. These devices can range from hyper realistic prosthetics such as the 2nd Gen to very basic devices that have a simple funnel like the Willy. "Trans Lifeline connects trans people to the community support and resources we need to survive and thrive.STP or "Stand To Pee" devices provide the wearer with the option of peeing while standing up. They are trained people who are there to help you. If you are struggling with dysphoria, questioning your gender, or need more support please reach out to these people. Trans Lifeline is a trans-led organization that connects trans people to the community, support, and resources they need to survive and thrive. If you are struggling with mental health or trans-related issues and need to speak with someone, check out this support helpline : Trans Lifeline: (877) 565-8860 If you are reading this post I want to make sure that I let you know that battling bottom dysphoria is a serious battle. Regardless of the product you wear, securing your prosthetic is a required part of the process! Common attachment options include: Adhesive (via self-adhesive sheets), Jockstraps, Snug Briefs, Harness or Packing Boxer Briefs (with a built-in pouch for FTM packers). No need to worry about controlling the flow with this bad boy - it's a funnel you can trust. This prevents overflow when using the STP in the restroom thus preventing leaks, wet pants and embarrassing moments. ![]() Every STP packer on Axolom site has a no-spill lip around the cup portion. Thanks to their non-sticky property, there is also no need to powder them after cleaning. All of Axolom products are made from food-grade silicone (FDA approved) and can be safely boiled for sterilization purposes. When you're looking for a product that you're going to use and wear daily, you need to love it. And this one comes with those pleasure ridges that are ALWAYS a good time. I personally think this is one of the more realistic prosthetics because of the detailed folds and the shape. Pleasure ridges are also included in this model, too. Realism is no issue for this bad boy with its detailed folds and curved cup for comfort while utilizing the stand to pee function. The only one of Axolom's STP's offered in an uncircumcised or uncut version is Axolom Astro. Despite his shorter shaft, the Squire is still a great choice for those looking for a dependable STP and a nice bulge.Īnd last, but CERTAINLY not least, is Axolom's Astro STP packer. Pleasure ridges on Axolom's STPs can change the game for partner play OR inserting a bullet vibe to use for something new to try for solo play. It has a soft texture, detailed veins, and folds, as well as pleasure ridges. The Squire is a circumcised stand-to-pee device with no-spill lips. Third, on our list, is the Squire which is the smallest of the bunch measuring up to a shaft length of 3.46". This ftm prosthetic has a 5" shaft and a girth of 1.57". If you do happen to have some bottom growth via HRT or just naturally swole, then these ridges help give your anatomy stimulation as you use the play function. Many times when people choose to medically transition using hormone therapy, their natural anatomy is enlarged and more sensitive than ever. ![]() Please note that, unlike the other STPs that we currently offer, the " Handy " model does not come with pleasure ridges incase you prefer your prosthetic without them! Secondly, the Knight has a shorter STP tab which introduces the textured pleasure ridges to stimulate the wearer. Because it's so flexible, it's easy to wash (like to flip the cup inside out). It also has detailed veins and small balls, but it overall gives a good buldge. ![]() It is circumcised, comes with no-spill lips, and has a long and slender cup. The Handy has a 4.7" shaft and a 1.51" diameter. Let's kick this off with the first one which is named the "Handy"! Handy is perfect for those who are new to STP packers. While those haven't released yet, Axolom's four stp packers will be sure to offer you a variety of styles, cuts, and funnels. While Axolom's products are STP packers, they will also be able to be used as pleasure products that you can use for play as well. For this reason, Axolom made 4 stp packers for you to be able to choose which style you like all for less than $80. Picking the perfect prosthetic for us as ftm and trans people can be a bit challenging! We as humans aren't used to being able to choose the perfect look for ourselves as many trans people experience quite a bit of dysphoria with our bodies. 4 STP Packers For Ftm and Trans People | Which FTM STP Fits You? American Express starts with the number 34 or 37. ![]() MasterCards start with the number 51, 52, 53, 54, or 55. The checksum 60 ends with the number 0, therefore it a syntactically sound credit card number Identifying Credit Card TypesĪside from the checksum, credit card number numbers also identify the type of credit card company. Starting from the second-to-last-digit, multiply the last number by 2.ġ + 4 + 1 + 4 + 8 + 1 + 8 +1 + 2 + 2 + 0 = 32įinally add the digits that were not multiplied to the sum Use (''), () and () in combination with parseInt () to obtain an array of digits. Take for example the following American Express number, 378734493671000. Write a JavaScript program to implement the Luhn Algorithm used to validate a variety of identification numbers, such as credit card numbers, IMEI numbers, National Provider Identifier numbers etc. If the total’s last digit is 0 then the number is valid! Multiply every other digit by 2, starting with the number’s second-to-last digit, and then add those products’ digits together.Īdd the sum to the sum of the digits that weren’t multiplied by 2. Here’s a simple break down on Luhn’s algorithm. The process of validation checking is based on a checksum algorithm created by Hans Peter Luhn. Usually at the front end, Javascript would handle the validation to check if the credit card is a valid card before a call is sent to the servers. (1st, 3rd, etc.Most of us have encountered this screen when trying to make a payment for an online purchase. because it is not supported by JavaScript 1.0įor (var i = 0 i = "51") & (CCN_digits.substring (0, 2) 9) Note - the isNaN (Not a Number) function is not used ![]() get the digits from the entered Card Number CCN_digits stores just the digits from the Credit Card Number Let's put this number into a table that enumerates Which should be somewhat reminiscent of a DiscoverĬard number. Now we are going to work an example for what might actually be a credit Almost all institutions that create and require unique account or identification numbers use the Mod 10 algorithm. In fact, the LUHN formula is widely used to generate the check digits of many different primary account numbers. The LUHN formula is also used to check Canadian Social Insurance Number (SIN) validity. Shortly thereafter, credit card companies adopted it.īecause the algorithm is in the public domain, it can be used by anyone. The LUHN formula was created in the late 1960s by a group of mathematicians.
![]() Philadelphia District Attorney Seth Williams observed of the bill, “Though this law is not necessary because current law respects and protects those lawfully exercising their right to self-defense, if there must be a new law expanding the castle doctrine, this legislation contains the best language possible.”ĭebates in the U.S. One Philadelphia attorney even went so far as to label the measure a “solution in search of a problem.” In keeping with this notion, the Pennsylvania District Attorney’s Association initially opposed the legislation, but reversed course after the bill was amended so that criminals would have a harder time using “castle doctrine” as a legal defense. Some district attorneys have cautioned that the passing of such a law could complicate their ability to prosecute criminals. Said Max Nacheman, executive director of CeaseFirePA, “This is going to be dangerous for Pennsylvanians…This creates more situations in which violence is an alternative.” A number of law enforcement agencies and authorities have indicated their belief that the existing legal framework adequately protects citizens.įormer Governor Ed Rendell vetoed a similar measure last year, citing concern for escalating violence in the state.Īlthough most states harbor statutes allowing citizens to defend themselves inside their homes, only about half allow people to do so without first exercising a “duty to retreat” that is, an attempt to retreat first before using deadly force. Richard Alloway (R-Franklin), “Law-abiding gun owners should not have to fear prosecution for acting to prevent a violent crime…I am thankful that the General Assembly has taken action to protect responsible gun owners who respond when facing a serious threat from a criminal.”Ĭritics are less enthusiastic, warning that the legislation could encourage a “wild west” mentality in the state. Scott Perry (R-York), does away with a requirement that individuals attempt to retreat first before using deadly force as a last resort.Ī number of proponents of the legislation, including the NRA, have praised lawmakers for passing the bill. Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett has indicated that he will sign the bill into law. The measure – approved in a 45-5 Senate vote – will allow individuals to use deadly force against attackers even if the event occurs outside the home. That right will now be legally extended to include anywhere you “have the legal right to be.” states – affirms that your home is your “castle.” As a result, you have the right to defend it with the use of deadly force. ![]() The Pennsylvania state Senate has voted to extend the “castle doctrine.” The castle doctrine – as understood in most U.S. ![]() On Windows, you can see if the camera connects when you plug it in, since Windows always pops up a message for new devices. If you are on a Mac, use “Image Capture”, which is an application that comes with the computer and is located in the “Applications” folder. Then you will want to verify that the computer itself can see the camera. Or set the lens to the desired zoom for the shot, and turn the camera off and on.įirst, make sure your camera is supported by visiting the Camera Support page, taking care to note which versions of Dragonframe support the camera (if any). Changing the zoom affects the focus range. This feature does not work on a shot that also zooms. Dragonframe can program the focus if you create an axis in ARC and set the Connection to ‘Digital Focus’. Then verify that when you take a picture it does not open and close.įocus Programming: This also requires an RF lens and Dragonframe 5. ![]() Verify that it is closed during live view. You can verify by choosing a fairly closed aperture, like f/22, and looking into the lens. The feature is always on in Dragonframe 5. This prevents potential flicker from the aperture opening and closing repeatedly. You must use an RF lens and set it to ‘MF’.Īperture Lock: The camera keeps the lens closed during video assist and while capturing photos. ![]() HD Live View: The live view (video assist) is doubled from 960×640 to 1920×1280.įocus Peaking: The camera shows which parts of the image are in focus with bright colored pixels. |
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